Major breakthroughs in China's science and technology in 2021

10. Refrigeration breakthrough takes Chinese quantum science near absolute zero

The Institute of Physics, affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said on July 12 that it has developed a prototype refrigerator to realize this ultra-low temperature just 0.01 degrees Celsius higher than absolute zero, which is -273.15 degrees Celsius.

Unlike the traditional dilution refrigerator, the prototype runs without using liquid helium. In June the new device was tested to ensure it could operate continuously for a long period of time at about -273.14 degrees Celsius. The device targets a bottleneck problem in quantum computing and is widely used in condensed matter physics, material science, particle physics, and astronomical exploration.

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