Premier Wen Jiabao attended the open-to-traffic ceremony in Beijing and himself took the bullet train to Shanghai.
The 1,318-kilometer trip, links together the country's prosperous Pan-Bohai and Yangtze River Delta economic zones, cutting the train-travel time between the two cities to under five hours from two days half a century ago.
The rail line, which has been operating on a trial basis since mid-May, opened one year ahead of schedule.