Types of Chinese Visas
Updated: 2014-01-21
The ordinary visa category is further divided into the following eight categories:
(1) The tourist and family visit visa (L-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who come to China for the purpose of tourism, a family visit or other personal matters.
(2) A Business Visa (F-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who are invited to China for a visit, for research, lectures, business, exchanges in the fields of science, technology, education, culture and sports, or to attend various kinds of trade fairs or exhibitions, for short-term study, or for an internship for a maximum of six months.
(3) A Student Visa (X-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who come to China for the purpose of study or an internship lasting over six months.
(4) A Work Visa (Z-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who come to China to work, to give commercial performances, or to engage in an academic exchange - and it is also issued to their accompanying family members.
(5) A Transit Visa (G-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who expect to transit through China on their way to a third country or region and to stay in China for more than 24 hours.
(6) A Crew Visa(C-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who are crew members of international train companies or an international airliner, and also to crew members of international ocean-liners or freighters.
(7) A Journalist Visa (J-visa) is issued to foreign journalists, and there are two categories: J-1 visa and J-2 visa. The J-1 visa is issued to resident foreign journalists in China and their accompanying spouses and underage children, and the J-2 visa is issued to foreign journalists who visit China for short-term news coverage.
(8) A Permanent Residence Visa (D-visa) is issued to foreign nationals who have received approval from the Chinese public security authorities to reside in China permanently.
Changsha seeks to revive porcelain production
In recent years, the local government has sought to revive the region's long tradition in porcelain making and boost local industry with the cultural influence of ancient Tongguan kilns, which have a history of 1,200 years.
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