A window into China

Pennsylvania and China have many business links. In 1999, the US state's Department of Community and Economic Development opened a Beijing office, hiring Zou Zishu as its first chief representative, to promote products and services, including chemicals, iron and steel and coal.

All the employees are subject to performance-based evaluation, in another words, how much revenue they bring in for Pennsylvanian companies. In 1999, the office had to sell products or services worth $3.5 million. This year, the state requires Zou's office to generate sales worth $13.5 million.

Pennsylvania plays host to 29 multinational companies in the global top 500, including the fuel, services and design giant Westinghouse. However, the state government has stipulated that Zou's office should mainly work for small- and medium-sized enterprises. These companies account for 90 percent of the more than 1,000 companies Zou has served during his tenure.

Each year, Zou works for 87 Pennsylvania companies, 30 percent of which are newly established. "Large companies have the funds to set up branches if they believe in the potential of the Chinese market. By contrast, small companies hire us to explore the market, because they don't have to pay for a workplace or employees. The only thing we ask for is our commission," he said.

Many foreign companies undergo a period of acclimatization to the local environment when they first establish branches overseas. "If companies hire us, they don't have to worry about that, because our first task is look for opportunities with a thorough analysis and understanding of the market," said Zou.

Biased perceptions of China by many US entrepreneurs make Zou's job even harder. "In their minds, China doesn't respect intellectual property rights, and inventions will be copied the moment they are introduced. Thus, Chinese businessmen can't win trust from their US counterparts," he said, adding that many new companies neither dare step into China nor know how to run their business when they actually arrive.

In the United States, economic growth mainly relies on state governments, so companies from Pennsylvania are likely to heed my advice, said Zou.

"Therefore, we have to tell new, but small, companies how to operate in the Chinese market and how to sell their products," said Zou.

Zou, suggested that Pennsylvanian companies should target high-end customers and new technologies. In addition, the companies should export goods that China does not have. For example, China is the largest importer of Pennsylvanian hardwood, mainly for flooring.

Budget cuts

Unlike the relatively straightforward task of increasing tourist numbers, the promotion of trade and investment has become much more difficult in the wake of the global economic slowdown.

The 2008 financial crisis led to a budget cut of 60 percent for Zou's office. Prior to the meltdown, Zou was able to send his staff to many exhibitions, no expense spared.

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