Kenneth and Pamela Schwarz, top center, parents of Marine
Lance Cpl. Michael Schwarz watch Marine pall bearers carry his casket
after funeral services in Carlstadt, N.J., Dec. 8, 2006. Schwarz, 20,
of Carlstadt died Nov. 27, 2006, from wounds he sustained during combat in
Iraq's Anbar province. [AP]
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Washington - Beyond its prescriptions for fixing Iraq, the special commission
that studied a new approach to the war also spotlighted less obvious military
ills that have deepened as fighting has dragging on.
The military is war-weary, the defense budget is in danger of disarray, and
relations between the military brass and their civilian overseers are frayed,
the Iraq Study Group said. The bipartisan panel's report poses tough challenges
for Robert Gates, who has no previous Pentagon management experience but will
become defense secretary on Dec. 18.
According to the commission's assessment:
_The Bush administration's focus on Iraq has limited the military's
effectiveness in Afghanistan.
_The Iraq war, playing out simultaneously with the fight in Afghanistan, has
so strained the Army and Marine Corps that new attention, and billions of
dollars, must be devoted to restoring the capabilities of the military so it is
ready for conflicts of the future.
"US military forces, especially our ground forces, have been stretched nearly
to the breaking point," the report said. This has made recruiting more difficult
and accelerated wear on equipment, it said.
"Many units do not have fully functioning equipment for training when they
redeploy to the United States," the study group said. "The American military has
little reserve force to call on if it needs ground forces to respond to other
crises around the world."
That statement referred to the possibility of conflict with Iran over its
nuclear ambitions or North Korea, whose ballistic missiles and suspected nuclear
weapons are considered a potential threat to US interests. But it could refer to
the conflict in Afghanistan, which might require more US ground troops.
The report said the military's heavy focus on Iraq has limited its ability to
succeed in Afghanistan. In the latter, the commission noted the radical Taliban
militia that US forces ousted in the weeks after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001,
is reasserting itself and posing a renewed threat.
"The huge focus of US political, military and economic support on Iraq has
necessarily diverted attention from Afghanistan," the report said, adding that
as the Taliban regroups, the US should do more to stop it.
Resources now devoted to Iraq, including combat troops, might become
available for Afghanistan if President Bush follows the commission's
recommendation to pull out nearly all combat brigades from Iraq by early 2008,
the report said. Bush has not said whether he would accept that recommendation.
Rep. Ike Skelton, who will become chairman of the House Armed Services
Committee when Democrats take control of Congress in January, said Friday that
Bush made the right decision to invade Afghanistan right after the Sept. 11
strikes, but then got distracted with Iraq.
"If we had put Iraq, that challenge, off and concentrated on Afghanistan ...
I think we would be at or near a touchdown there," Skelton said in an interview
taped for C-SPAN's "Newsmakers" program. "But, on the other hand, it's been
forgotten," and US forces in Afghanistan are now stretched thin as the Taliban
regains strength.
The Iraq Study Group also saw trouble inside the Pentagon.
The tradition of cooperation and open communication between senior military
officers and their civilian Pentagon bosses has eroded, the commission said,
under Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, accused by some of treating generals
harshly, even abusively.
The military has a long tradition of partnership between civilian leaders in
the Pentagon and the uniformed services. The civilians in charge rely on candid
advice from the military professionals; the officers submit to civilian control
with the understanding that their advice has been heard and valued.
"That tradition has frayed, and civil-military relations need to be
repaired," the commission concluded.
Without mentioning Rumsfeld by name, the commission called on his successor,
Gates, to repair that damage.
The next defense secretary should make every effort to "build healthy
civil-military relations by creating an environment in which the senior military
feel free to offer independent advice," the report said.
In his Senate confirmation, Gates made a point of saying he would give the
most serious consideration to the views of military commanders as he weighs
recommendations to the White House on ways to improve the Iraq policy.
Michael Eisenstadt, adviser to the commission and director of the military
and security program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, said he
is hopeful that Gates will succeed in that effort.
"It could only get better," Eisenstadt said last week. "It couldn't be much
worse than it has been under Rumsfeld."