Dispute resolution system sees high success rate

"A successful model is not defined solely by its early practices, but by the logic and mechanisms that supported those practices at the time. This dynamic aspect gives it vitality, which is what we also need to learn and develop today," she said.

The core of the model lies in resolving conflicts at the grassroots level. Grassroots areas, situated at the end of the administrative power chain, have relatively limited authority and resources, and are where problems emerge.

"The widespread use of local traditional, cultural and community resources is a key factor in the success of the 'Fengqiao model'," He said.

The model also integrates with the rule of law and government administrative resources by using different mechanisms based on specific situations, rather than rigidly applying a single set of procedures, she said.

The consultation process often includes reasoning, legal considerations, emotions and conscience. To minimize loss, the parties involved may need to compromise a little to resolve conflicts, she said.

"The enduring vitality of the 'Fengqiao model' is deeply rooted in grassroots Chinese society, driven by a cultural inclination toward negotiation and collaboration. Governance approaches should be embedded in this social psychological mechanism for optimal results," she added.

The success of such a model depends on its compatibility with external environments and conditions, He said. She added that with residents' increased mobility and diversified values in modern society, traditional moral and emotional benchmarks in small communities have limited impact, yet legal and deterministic judicial mechanisms are playing an increasingly important role.

People are now more accustomed to resolving issues through cost-effective judicial systems, and that is why the "Fengqiao model" must be deeply integrated with law-based governance, she said.